Monday, March 17, 2014

Precipitation map

Precipitation map

Two ways your country or local government could do to address these problems:

Two ways your country or local government could do to address these problems:

1. One way that the local government can do is to develop more environmental project to contribute to the environmental solutions. The local government doesn’t contribute too much and it is why some of the problems are increasing. But if he starts to do something such as try to do more projects where he can involve people so they can know what the environmental problems are.

Two

2. Another Train and make groups of people that are willing to participate on different projects to help the environment so they can spread this information out. Make also several punishments for people who hunt illegally and also for the farmers.

Environmental issues in Queretaro

Environmental issues in Queretaro

· Deforestation: the deforestation in Queretaro is one of the begets problems that we are facing because La Sierra Gorda of Queretaro is one of the biggest preservation of forest that the Mexico has, but people have been cutting the trees down. In some part of Queretaro we have also illegal deforestation and day by day it is been increases. “Between 1990 and 2000, Mexico lost an average of 347,600 hectares of forest per year”. (Mexico environmental profile, http://rainforests.mongabay.com/deforestation). These humans’ activities affect the environment because when people cut down the trees we have less oxygen and as a result less air to breathe. Also the vegetation starts to disappear because that and they do not do project of reforestation to help the ecosystem. Currently some of the wildlife starts to emigrate or die, and we have been losing our animals.

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· Water polluted: the water pollute is been increases because the humans’ activities. Because people pollute the water by dumping too much garbage and other materials the helps to increase the pollution and as a result the humans’ health. People drink polluted water because they don’t have another option but at the same time it is themselves fault because they don’t stop contaminating the water. “In México, one of the factors most affecting water related problems are its distribution. Currently, more than 12 million persons lack drinkable water, especially in rural areas”.(water problems Mexico, http://www.explorandomexico.com).

· Chemicals: people have been use different chemicals in the field and it is because they want to grow their food as much fast as they could, and it is because they sale their product. When they use the chemicals in the field and then rains the water wash the soil and all this water goes to the rivers where people use to drink. This is why day by day more people get seek, and it is been increases.

· Born fossil fuels: Fossil-fuel carbon dioxide emissions from Mexico grew exponentially at a rate of 6.5% per year from 1891 to 1982. Since 1982, total fossil-fuel CO₂emissions have slowly grown and now stand at 130 million metric tons of carbon. Emissions growth over time has been due to increasing oil production and in 2008, 59.8% of emissions were from petroleum products, the highest fraction of crude oil dependence of the major CO₂-emitting countries. Per capita emissions (1.20 metric tons of carbon in 2008) are slightly below the global average. Consumption of natural gas has become increasingly important in Mexico and now accounts for 23.6% of fossil-fuel CO₂emissions. (Boden, T.A., G. Marland, and R.J. Andres. 2011, This page was last modified: 09/26/12.URL: http://cdiac.ornl.gov/trends/emis/tre_mex.html).

· Hunt: the hunters in day by day are more and more and it is because in most places the police don’t have a specific punishment for those people. It is sad because currently the endangered species start to be gone and soon we don’t going to have too much diversity.

Articles about the management of the environment

Articles about the management of the environment

This article is about how the wildlife is been affected by the humans land use and socioeconomic and political factors and it is just before the Spanish conquest in the 1521. According to this article it has been estimated that more of the 60% of the land areas has been severely degraded. Mexico is one of the ranks in the top 3 countries in biodiversity. The wildlife management regulatory powers in the federal government with state relegated a minimums role. (The wildlife Society, June 2006 Pg(s) 270-282, available (Internet), http://www.bioone.org/doi/abs/).

The article is about the effect of EBM in the Gulf of Mexico and the management as well. A strong consensus for EBM to be successful in improving the health and stewardship of the GoM, a strong and vibrant cooperative management regime is required, one in which stakeholders agree on a list of specific objectives and have a willingness to achieve cooperative management goals. (Sandbar 7:3, October, 2008, Wing E, University, Ecosystem-based Management in the Gulf of Mexico:

Opportunities and Challenges, Available in: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=8Yz_tnBJiNo).

The journal basic and applied research concerning wildland fire. It wishes to attract papers on a broad range of wildland fire issues that may include subjects beyond the range of papers published in recent issues. Manuscripts pertaining to physical and societal aspects of wildland fire will be considered. The Journal has an international perspective, since wildland fire plays a major social, economic and ecological role around the globe. The Mexicans pine ecosystems are characterized by great biological diversity and are strongly influenced by fire.

(International Journal of Wildland Fire 12(1) 23 - 37 Published: 17 March 2003, Fire ecology of Mexican pines and a fire management proposal, available in: http://www.publish.csiro.au/?paper=WF02040).

3 Peer-reviewed articles

Peer-reviewed articles

This article is about the association of Pandemic Vibrio parahaemolyticus O3:K6 Present in the Coastal Environment of Northwest Mexico. In 2004, more than 1,230 cases of gastroenteritis due to pandemic O3:K6 strains of Vibrio parahaemolyticus were reported in southern Sinaloa, a state in Northwestern Mexico. (Velazquez-Roman, Jorge, Mar 15, 2012, 2012 Mar. 15, v. 78, no. 6, p. 1794-1803. 78 6, Association of Pandemic Vibrio parahaemolyticus O3:K6 Present in the Coastal Environment of Northwest Mexico with Cases of Recurrent Diarrhea between 2004 and 2010, http://ezp.mhcc.edu:2936/ehost/detail?sid).

This article is about Response of the interaction between groundwater and other components of the environment in Mexico. This article reviews and discusses environmental aspects related to vertical upward and downward groundwater flow. Flow systems are an important tool to understand groundwater functioning as related to the environment, in terms of obtaining indicators of human impact and solving specific questions about a groundwater environment system that has been influenced by anthropogenic means. (Carrillo-Rivera, J. J., 2008 July, v. 55, no. 2, p. 303-319. 55 2, Response of the interaction between groundwater and other components of the environment in Mexico, URL: http://ezp.mhcc.edu:2108/10.100).

The article is about Modeling an exploited rocky coastal ecosystem: Bahia Tortugas, Mexico. A trophic structure model of the rocky coastal ecosystem in Bahia Tortugas, Mexico was constructed using Ecopath software to represent the main biomass flows in the system. Data for the model came from field observations (biomass estimates, stomach contents, and ecological observations for sea snails, abalones, lobster, some demersal finfishes, and macroalgae) carried out through ten field trips from 2006 to 2008. (Morales-Z©Łrate, M.V.; del Pr©đo, S. Guzm©Łn; Serviere-Zaragoza, E.; Lluch-Cota, S.E. 2011 Mar. 10, v. 222, no. 5, p. 1185-1191. 222 5, http://ezp.mhcc.edu:2108/10.1016/j.ecolmodel.2010.12.011).

3 Articules of Mexican Environment

3 Articules of Mexican Environment

This article is about of the Mexican Biodiversity and also says that Mexico is one of the 12 mega biodiverse countries in the world, because Mexico has immense areas abounds with countless species of flora and fauna. Many mountain, and diversity of climate in the whole country. With its prime location on the cusp of both the nearctic and neotropical ecozones, essentially a bridge between North America and Central America. (Replicating Policy That Works In Mexico, 2010, available in internet: http://www.ecosystemmarketplace.com).

This next article is very important for almost all the Mexicans because the information is not just about the Mexican environment it is about Productivity, Pollution, Ecosystem health, socioeconomic Conditions, and Governance. Mexico is partially isolated from the Atlantic Ocean. Important hypotheses concerned with the growing impacts of pollution, overexploitation, and environmental changes on sustained biomass yields of fisheries are under investigation.( http://www.eoearth.org/view/article/153198/). (2010). Gulf of Mexico large marine ecosystem. Retrieved from http://www.eoearth.org/view/article/153198).

Mexico City's air pollution sent more than one million people to hospitals in 1999. Despite planting ten million trees, forcing gasoline stations to sell unleaded fuel and install vapor capture systems, and introducing alternative fuels for government vehicles, air pollution remains one of the most daunting environmental issues facing Mexico City. More than three million vehicles on the road each day are mostly to blame, but so are industries and small factories, deforestation, and fires. Over the years, the city has tried or considered drastic measures to clear the air. (Mexico city environment 2008, cited 12/16/2014, available in: http://www.city-data.com/world-cities/Mexico-City-Environment.html).

Endangered plants in Mexico

Name Scientific name

Agave titanota Agave titanota

Zea diploperennis Zea diploperennis Maíz chapule

Mammillaria mathildae Biznaguita de la Cañada

Sedum frutescens

Selaginella Selaginella porhyrospora

Pinyon, Big-cone Pinyon Pinus maximartinezii Pino Azul, Piñon Real

False peyote. Lophophora diffusa

Mammillaria guerreronis

Pterocereus gaumeri

Hedgehog Cactus Echinocereus lindsayi

Tillandsia chiapensis

Echinocactus histrix DC. Ferocactus histrix Guamishí

Cactus de alcachofa Obregonia denegrii

Endangered species in Mexico

Endangered species in Mexico

English Scientific name Spanish

GOLDEN EAGLE Aquila chrysaetos

JAGUAR Panthera onca Jaguar

MEXICAN BOBCAT Lynx-ital rufus Bobcat Mexicana

PRAIRIE DOG Iudovicianus Perro de pradera

MONARCH BUTTERFLY Danaus plexippus Mariposa Monarca

VAQUITA Phocoena sinus Vaquita

AXOLOTL Ambystoma mexicanum Axolotl

MANTLED HOWLER MONKEY Alouatta palliata Cubierto Saraguato

COAHUILAN BOX TURTLE Terrapene coahuila Tortuga de caja de Coahuila

HARPY EAGLE Harpia harpyja Águila arpía

SHORT-CRESTED COQUETTE Lophornis brachylophu Corto con cresta coqueta

Description of the ecosystem where I am came from

Description of the ecosystem where I am came from

Pinal de Amoles is marked by very rugged terrain, which includes canyons and steep mountains.The area is located in an area with extremely high peaks with small flat areas and mesas. The altitude varies between 839masl at the community of Huajales to 3350masl at the Cerro de la Calentura, which is also the highest point in the state. Eighty eight percent of the municipality’s territory belongs to the Sierra Gorda Biosphere Reserve of Querétaro, a region which is protected because of its extreme diversity of landscapes, climates, vegetation and wildlife. Pinal de Amoles represents the highest peaks of this region, which essentially separate the wetter lands to the north and east from the semi arid areas of the south and west as the mountains block moisture coming in from the Gulf of Mexico. Most of the rock is sedimentary, with about 45% limestone. About 15% is intrusive volcanic rock. This due to the fact that much of the Sierra Gorda was sea bed millions of years ago, with volcanic activity later in its geological history. The volcanic rock accounts for most of the municipality’s minable deposits. The north of the municipality is dominated by deciduous rainforest, which loses much of its leaves in the dry season. The center and northwest are dominated by pine and oak forests. Pine and holm oak forests are found mostly above 2,000 masl. The forests of the municipality are its most important natural resource. The types of wildlife is very varied and includes white-tailed deer, pumas, tigrillos (Leopardus tigrinus orLeopardus wiedii), bobcats, coyotes, raccoons, opossums, armadillos, foxes, skunks, hares and rabbits. Birds are especially varied and include woodpeckers, American goldfinches, sparrows, parrots, macawsand ravens. Reptiles include rattlesnakes and coral snakes as well as “river shrimp” or acamaya.^[1] A group of researchers from the Natural Sciences Faculty of the Universidad Autónoma de Querétaro have discovered a new species of crustacean similar to a very large shrimp or small lobster in the municipality.

(Wikipedia, Daniela Pastrana (March 1, 2011). Wikipedia, "Mexico: Eco-friendly livelihoods for women in the Sierra Madra". Global Information Network, Available in: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pinal_de_Amoles).